Cause And Effects Of Lifting Weights - 1006 Words

h McNeil Professor Maier English 111/ FH36 October 10 2017 Overall Cause and Effects of Lifting Weights Lifting weights makes not only a fit body, but also a fit mind. This sport is not only about the body. More important, this great physical activity is about health too. Lifting weights has such a great and healthy impact on the mind, mental health, muscles, bones and joints. Many people only see the good effects of lifting weights but there are many negative effects also such as poor training progress, tendonitis, joint pain and an impaired immune system. The mind can make a significant impact on lifting weights, but what about vice versa? Every week, 95 million Americans suffer some type stress symptom for†¦show more content†¦These aspects helps teach people the way they need to push themselves in all aspects of life and are then in turn applied to diet, work, school, family and even more. People tend to get their life together once and become more organized because they see the progress being made and realize t he more they commit to the life style the more they progress but this is not typically easy and it becomes a full commitment to make time for all the normal necessities of life plus a time consuming hobby such as physical fitness. While to the normal person body building may look like a very healthy and positive hobby to average person, there are many negative affects it can have not only on the person’s body but their mind as well starting with body dysmorphia. â€Å"According to the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Foundation, individuals with muscle dysmorphia are preoccupied with not being sufficiently muscular or lean and as a result will develop unhealthy behaviors such as spending excessive time in the gym, adhering to unhealthy diet plans, and compulsively comparing and checking out their physique.† (Dana Dovey) Unfortunately this is a common side effect that follows with body building and affects many. Another misconception is that body builders have a very healthy diet and while it may appear this way. â€Å"Unfortunately, according to Health line, manyShow MoreRelatedWeight Lifting Is More Beneficial Than Cross Fit897 Words   |  4 Pages Weight Lifting is More Beneficial than Cross Fit Today I am going to dig deeper and go into further explanation of the dangerous side effects of cross fit, the benefits of weight lifting, and the effects it has on your body. Every person who does physical training has their own personal opinions on which exercise regiment exhibits better results. My end goal is not to offend anyone or try to change your mind on which program yields better end results. I am only going to give you the facts of myRead MoreWhy to Do a Dead Lifting Rountine Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesDead Lifting There are many different exercises for building the body not all are appropriate for every person. Any type of resistance training can help any person in many ways. By adding heavy dead lifting to your routine you can boost your muscles, improve your physique and strengthen your bones. All of these improvements will give your body power but, with any type of body training especially dead lifting it is critical to perform them correctly and add weight gradually in small increases. ThisRead MoreWhat Does You Lose Weight For Weight Loss And Weight Lifting For Toning And Muscle Gain1470 Words   |  6 PagesWhen asked what one does to lose weight, their brain goes straight to cardio for weight loss and weight lifting for toning and muscle gain. This topic is in high debate because people have a different view on what fit and in shape is. Some people prefer to be all skin and bones, such as models. They do hours of cardio a day and gain their slim physique that way. Others prefer to have huge muscle mass, such as athletes. They contribute weight training mixed with cardio, to obtain their fit, muscularRead MoreWeight Lifting : Choosing The Best Weight Loss Training Program Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesCardio Versus Weight Lifting: Choosing the Best Weight Loss Training Program Any person who is looking to lose weight may have a hard time deciding which workout type, cardiovascular exercise or weight lifting, provides the best results to see their body change. There are many aspects to consider when working towards a weight loss goal, including workout benefits and negative aspects, the effectiveness of different workouts and the associated health risks. Overall, cardio is great for the bodyRead MoreWeight Training : The Iron Game Essay842 Words   |  4 Pageswith. Weight lifting, which has been around for centuries, is a very popular form of body alteration. Weight training originated in the Egyptian-Greek era. Since war was common in those days, weight training was a tool to gain muscle and stamina. It wasn’t until the early 1900’s did a man named Eugene Sandow change the way people viewed bodybuilding. In those days, weightlifters were called â€Å"strongmen†. These â€Å"strongmen† entertained people with their displays of great strengths by lifting animalsRead MoreFootball Is Too Dangerous : Football1501 Words   |  7 Pagesfootball is too dangerous or not. Many people play the competitive game of football daily ignoring or sometimes not even knowing all the true risk that they put their body health through with all the harsh contact, critical movements, and heavy weights. The most dangerous harmful part of football that does most of the damage is all the harsh contact that a player puts their body through. Even with all the pads and other protective gear the human body will observe the recoil from the contact blowsRead MoreDoes Lifting Heavier Weight Build More Muscle?1265 Words   |  6 Pages Does Lifting Heavier Weights Build More Muscle? Eira Galera California State University of San Marcos Kinesiology 202 Professor Anthony Ordas December 11, 2015 Does Lifting Heavier Weights Build More Muscles? A strong belief in most gyms is that you have to lift heavy weights to build muscle. However, according to a study by Nicholas Burd, â€Å"lifting heavy weights may not be the most effective way to build muscle. Muscle growth, sometimes known as hypertrophy, is the development of massRead MoreThe Effects Of Traditional Massage Post Resistance Training On The Next Day Performance1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe main purpose for paper is to examine the effects of the traditional massage post resistance training on the next day performance. This was tested by using the males of the age between 18 and 22 year old who have been involved in the resistance training programs. The advantage of this study is that traditional massage post resistance training helps in improving recovery. Even after a person undergoes a difficult resistance training day, the players for instance will be able to produce high levelRead MoreA Research On Energy Beyond Our Body s Metabolism1569 Words   |  7 Page svast reservoir of Dark Energy awaits our discovery. Yet we accounted for every Joule of energy expended for in the calories consumed. A surprising conclusion about non-physical energy emerged. It is horribly inefficient. Fitz could hoist immense weights, his muscular effort augmented by the mental. That mental boost came at a terrific cost. Testing revealed the calories consumed by mental force exceeded muscles. In fact the delta is more than a hundredfold. Food calories to physical movement by wayRead MoreThe strongest winds on this planet occur inside the tornadoes. Not all whirlpools in the†¨atmosphere1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe weather in general forms a nonlinear system—recall that â€Å"chaos theory† and the â€Å"butterfly effect† beginfrom the study of meteorology. Tornadoes are commonly spawned in thunderstorms. The most creative tornado nurseries are the county-size thunderstorms called â€Å"supercells.† Thunderstorms evolve through three phases. During the first â€Å"cumulus† stage, a warm bubble of air is lifted upward. The lifting can begin when air flows up the side of a mountain or hitches a ride from a â€Å"thermal.† Solar heating

An Experiential Approach For Organization Development

As I reflected on the course studies and what I have learned in taking this course. I came to a conclusion that a lot of the information from the chapters will come very useful to my personal and professional life. I decided to summarize on some of the concepts that I learned in the chapters in the book â€Å"An experiential approach to organization development’’. The concepts or theories that caught my attention that I felt that I can relate to are the model of organizational development, changing the culture, overcoming the resistance to change, goal setting theory and employee empowerment. All of the chapters in the book can be incorporated into my professional life, and I feel that any organization will benefit from reading this book. Model for organizational development is a continuing process of long-term organizational improvement that consists of several stages this model emphasizes on a combination of individual, team and organizational relationships. The first phase is anticipated need for change which states that before a change can be done there has to be a need. The manager of the organization must feel that there is a need to change and he must adopt new ways for a change to be productive. The second stage is developing the practitioner-client relationship which means that after the group has identified a need for change the organizational development practitioner enters the system and a relationship begins to grow between the practitioner and the client system.Show MoreRelatedSouthern Engineering, Inspection And Insurance Company1423 Words   |  6 Pagestheir skills. â€Å"The organization has even tried to recruit the locals but to no success,† (Grobler 2006). This company has not even pursued to accommodate the needs of the locals in the human resource system. Some initiatives are proving difficult to carry out because people in different areas have their way of working and it is proving difficult to deal with the various rules and regulations Current Approaches to Training Various approaches are related to training in the organization. The three primaryRead MoreExperiential Learning880 Words   |  3 PagesExperiential Learning: Experiential learning is a process that basically demonstrates and focuses on the role of experience in the learning process. This process has been explained by various theorists who have developed some theories including Experiential Learning Theory, cognitive learning theories, and Social Constructivist Theory. The Experiential Learning Theory offers a holistic model of the process of learning and multi-linear form of adult development that shows the process with whichRead MoreKellogg EMBA Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesMorningstar’s international business unit in Asia or Latin America, and build it into a profitable and sustainable organization. My long-term (within 10 years) goal is to become a CEO of Morningstar’s international business globally. Personally, I am passionate about teaching, acting, adventure sports and fitness. My personal goals are to run a marathon and to set-up a nonprofit organization in the field of education. Managing a business has always been my passion and the ultimate career goal. As IRead MoreLeadership As A Vision For An Organization1703 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders (Barrow 1977). Therefore, to better understand the success of an organization, study its leaders. Great leaders create a vision for an organization, articulate the vision to the followers, build a shared vision, craft a path to achieve the vision, and guide their organizations into new directions (Banutu-Gomez and Banutu-Gomez 2007; Kotter 2001). According to Schneider (1987), the most important part in building an organization with a legacy of success is the people in it. Servant leaders are identifiableRead MoreThe Fifth Discipline By Senge Points1572 Words   |  7 Pagesinterventions, people would be rely on it for long term and need more interventions that will be a non-systematic solutions. Faster is slower - Growth fast is not good way in the complex system, it will be breaching the nature rules due to the organization have it own intrinsically optimal rates of growth. Cause and effect are not closely related in time and space. Small changes can produce big results - but the areas of highest leverage are often the least obvious - people should see the wholeRead MoreLeadership Development Strategy And Succession Plan1297 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership development is the key to success in the United States Army as it continues to operate in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex environment. After more than a decade of continuous combat deployments, leadership development lost its significance and became a low priority within most units ar my-wide. Over time, it resulted in a cultural effect that operational mission requirements take priority over leader development. The intent of this paper is to examine the existing leader developmentRead MoreOrganizational Development Heralds From The Industrial Era Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesand the concept under scrutiny is being approached by everyone at the table – away from pure analytical reductionism towards an appreciative approach of discovering the possibility beyond the potential issues, the basis for innovation in all respects. His personal experience awoke us to good practice. (Petousis, Journal 4, 12 May 2015) Organisational development heralds from the industrial era, and was primarily focussed on efficiency in working roles, as well as the effective communications for theRead MoreLearning Styles And Their Application1671 Words   |  7 Pages Various Learning Styles and their Application: Connecting Learning Styles to Training and Development Katie Gardner Kennesaw State University Abstract This paper examines three models of learning styles including Kolb Experiential Learning Model, the VARK model, and the Honey and Mumford model. While the research on these three learning style models details both strengths and weaknesses, an alternative is suggested and explored in this paper. The methods by which each model isRead MoreEvaluation Of Teaching And Advising Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesStatement on Approach to Teaching and Advising Much has evolved since my initial years at South Dakota State University when I had no teaching appointment. During those initial years I took advantage of any available opportunity to increase my college level teaching experience mostly in the form of guest lectures in ABS 704 and other courses where I lectured on Plant Functional Genomics and Abiotic Stresses. Based on this experience, I developed Independent Study opportunities for interested studentsRead MoreThe Role Of The Textile Design?1552 Words   |  7 Pagesand evaluating data on the significance of textile thinking. This research concludes that there are in-sights gained from the creative practice experimental methods of textile think-ing in HCI that can contribute to the commercial research and development field in wearable technology. Keywords. Material, Expressive Surfaces, Aesthetics, Soft Composite, Soft ro-botics, Wearables. ¬Ã‚ ¬ 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The human body and its component parts are, within a consumer electronics cultural setting

Needle Exchange Controversy Essay Example For Students

Needle Exchange Controversy Essay Needle Exchange Programs: The Best Solution?The United States of America has been contending with adverse social and economic effects of the drug abuse, namely of heroin, since the foundation of this country. Our initial attempt to outlaw heroin with the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 resulted in the U.S. having the worst heroin problem in the world (Tooley 540). Although the legislative actions regarding heroin hitherto produced ominous results that rarely affected any individuals other than the addict and his or her family, the late twentieth century brings rise to the ever-infringing AIDS epidemic in conjunction with heroin abuse. The distribution of clean needles to intravenous (IV) drug users is being encouraged in an attempt to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from sharing contaminated needles (Glantz 1077). It is the contention of this paper to advocate the establishment and support of needle exchange programs for intravenous drug users because suc h programs reduce the spread of HIV and do not cause an increase of drug use. This can be justified simply by examining the towering evidence that undoubtedly supports needle exchange programs and the effectiveness of their main objective to prevent the spread of the HIV. Countries around the world have come to realize that prohibiting the availability of clean needles will not prevent IV drug use; it will only prevent safe IV drug use (Glantz 1078). Understanding that IV drug use is an inescapable aspect of almost every modern society, Europeans have been taking advantage of needle exchange programs in Amsterdam since the early 1980s (Fuller 9). Established in 1988, Spains first needle exchange program has since been joined by 59 additional programs to advocate the use of clean injection equipment (Menoyo 410) in an attempt to slow the spread of HIV. Several needle exchange programs sponsored by religious organizations in Australia have reported no new HIV infections resulting from needle sharing over the past three years (Fuller 9). Public safety groups in the United States are rapidly beginning to accept the effectiveness of needle exchange programs. The 113 needle exchange programs that are currently operating throughout the United States (Bowdy 2 6) are a result of this acceptance. These programs for the most part are established to support needle exchange more so than needle distribution (Fuller 10). Many needle exchange programs have been initiated by recovering addicts who understand the realities of addiction and the potential harm of needle sharing (Fuller 9). Perhaps addicts feel more comfortable taking advice from some one whom has been there and knows what they are going through. Social interaction between the addict and program is quite simple. Program clients are asked to donate their old injection equipment in exchange for new materials and identification cards issued by some programs, allowing the users to carry their injection equipment anywhere (Loconte 20), reducing the need to share needles. Volunteers keep track of old needles collected and sterile ones given out with a coding system that allows participants to remain anonymous (Green 15). Unlike some of their European counterparts, needle exchange programs in the U.S. do not advocate the use of vending machines to dispense hypodermic needles (Fuller 10). American programs understand the grave importance of regular contact between the addict and caring members of society who inform addicts about various avenues of health care and recovery during each visit (Fuller 10). The assistant director of the Adult Clinical AIDS Program at Boston Medical Center, Jon Fuller, feels that this intimate approach by American programs conveys a powerful message to addicts that their lives and well-being are still valued by the community despite their inability to break the cycle of addictive behavior (10). Multimedia Arts EssayRecently conducted studies of various needle exchange programs returned rather encouraging results. The number of HIV infections among drug users decreased of 5.8 percent annually in 29 cities throughout the world where needle exchange programs where implemented as opposed to a 5.9 percent increase in 51 cities where they were not (Bowdy 27). The National Institute of Health claims that needle exchange programs reduce their clients rate of performing dangerous injections as much as 80 percent (Fuller 11). From 1991 to 1996 New York Citys rate of drug related HIV cases dropped from 44 to 28 percent (Schoofs 36). Organizations nationwide such as the American Medical Association, the American Bar Association, and the American Public Health Association have begun to openly support needle exchange programs (Fuller 11). Donna E. Shalala, secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, was asked to investigate the validity of needle exchange programs as a wh ole. She concluded, needle exchange programs can be an effective part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the incidence of HIV transmission and do not and do not encourage the use of illegal drugs (Bowdy 28). Needle exchange programs encourage the participation of addicts in their program usually by giving out more equipment than is received (Loconte 20). We can not ignore the possibility that addicts are really motivated to participate in the programs because the extra equipment received from the program could easily be sold to attain their next bag of dope (Loconte 20). This will not do the addict any good but it could possibly keep someone from being victimized to support such a habit. It should be understood that needle exchange programs are not really concerned with the IV drug users reasons behind taking advantage of the services regularly, so long as they do just that, take advantage of the services regularly. America can no longer ignore the ominous consequences of its drug abusers and their addiction. HIV has infringed our society in conjunction with the relentless forces of addiction for which there is no cure. The perilous habits of a drug addict, especially an IV drug user, are geared toward getting high (Loconte 15), not personal health and public safety. However, habitual behavior is not inalterable. It can be swayed by a little incitement from the brighter, more intelligent members of society; incitement to support and make regular use of local needle exchange programs. Although American society may not understand the driving force behind heroin addiction, we all must understand that itwill always be with us so we had better learn how to live with its in a way that minimizes its adverse health and social consequences (Drucker 15)Bibliography:!!!Guaranteed A or your money back!!!*Completely safe and confidential. **For all 10 bibliographical references to this 9 pagepaper, send a $14.00 check or money order along with your email address to 1812 Teaberry Avenue, WilliamstownNJ 08094. ***For a complete set of note cards and bibliographical references for this entire paper, send a $19.00 check ormoney order along with your email address to 1812 Teaberry Avenue, WilliamstownNJ 08094. * * *Add $5.00 if you would rather have a hard copy of these materials (snail)mailed to you.

Paper Heidi Stephens free essay sample

This is what Mycology fails to see in his argument. It is understandable that a non-believer could doubt things that are not proven to their own eyes. One issue with Mycologys argument revolves around God and evil. Many atheists, including Mycology, have the view that if God is so important, so almighty, and a do Goode, why would he allow evil to exist? Mycology has the worldview that it is better to not believe in any god than to believe in one true God who would allow evil in his world. However, what Mycology and other fail to realize is that with good comes evil, and with evil comes good.One cannot exist without the other. Professor Foreman argued that there is no singular instance where we can prove that God exists, but rather many that together suggest proof. Professor Foreman also uses electrons as an example of something that exists, but we do not have actual proof as to what it actually is. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper Heidi Stephens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Electrons produce light and energy, which we all know exists. Black holes are another example provided by Professor Foreman, and while they are talked about often, no one really knows what they are, what they look like, or how they exist.Just because something Anton be proven to exist in every facet of ones logic does not mean that it does not exist. Another issue that Mycology has issues with involving an actual God are cosmological arguments. The biggest issue that Mycology, as well as others, have is that they are judging the matter inaccurately. Many times, people want to find the literal, actual sense of something, and it is not always possible. Evans and Manias describe many types of arguments that people use to judge different issues. Evans, C. Stephens and Manias, R. Zachary, Philosophy of Religion, IPP Academic, 2009. Not all arguments work for all issues.The cosmological argument can only be effective if someone takes into consideration different issues to make a judgment. The cause of the universe must be necessary, as everything has a beginning and eventually an end. While there is no singular instance that points to God creating it, other than the book of Genesis, the multiple factors combined point to the argument that God did create the universe. To base ones belief in God solely in the cosmological argument is weak, as Evans and Manias conclude. Old. At 77. Mycology wants indisputable proof (p. 64) in terms of a technological argument, as well.While indisputable proof would be fantastic, it simply does not exist. The same can be said for the aforementioned electrons and black hole; we know they are here, but we do not know exactly what they are or when they were formed originally. While many throw this argument around in their efforts to support evolution, there is not ironclad proof of evolution. There is no documented, indisputable proof as to when the first breath was taken, or when the first step was walked, or even when the first cell was formed. However, we do breath, walks, and are full of cells, so we somehow exist. This argument by Mycology and others is weakened due to sciences inability to prove other thing that we know actually exist, or actually occurred. It is normal to be skeptical, even on things that have been proven, or are highly believed in. However, very few things in this world have indisputable proof, and the argument that it must exist in order for something to exist is Off base. Others may argue that the difference in species is enough to forgo the belief that God created us. This argument is weak as well, as scientist cannot actually prove that a big bang caused everything to appear on Earth.Someone could argue that if a cosmological big bang caused life to appear on Earth, why no other planets as well? We know there is a slim chance that viable life exists elsewhere, and even the scientific community states so. Therefore, the big bang theory has holes as well. It is not indisputable proof, and yet atheists and scientists push it as being so. While there are many types of arguments that can be made, I believe that Mycology is using a temporal argument, and it is just not feasible in matters concerning God and our creation.The main issue with evolution, besides not knowing when or how beings ere created, is that there is perhaps less knowledge about creation than the Biblical accounts. The theory that we were created from an accident in the universe cannot be totally proven, nor can the act that we evolved from lesser creatures. If we evolved, why didnt whatever we evolved from become extinct? Of course, the dinosaurs did, but the scientific community and the atheistic community is not claiming that we evolved from dinosaurs. One of the issues that Even and Manias bring up is whether Or not their presumed order of universal development is accurate (p. 3). There is very little scientific fact to support the atheistic and scientific views of this; however, they believe it to be without fault. Many atheists, Mycology included, argue that if there was a loving God that there would not be evil in this world. This is not a viable argument in terms of wanting to show that God does not exist. Yes, there is evil, but there is also good. Those who argue this point do not understand Christianity. Humanity is flawed, and we do sin, and yes, there is evil in the world. However, God has given us the chance to ask for forgiveness, and give us forgiveness throughJesus. Evil will exist in those who do not accept Jesus, and perhaps is manages to exist somewhat in those of us who do. However, humanity, as flawed as we are, are not given a pass from God just because some of us have accepted Jesus. Not everyone that has a terrible event happen to them is a sinner or is evil. Christians know that a life with terrible circumstances with Jesus in it is better than an afterlife without Jesus. Religious truth is a mixture of logic, science, ethics, experience, history, and philosophy.It is not a set notion, as many scientific issues are, which can infuse those who are not believers, or are not open-minded to hearing believers. Those who are not religious often see those who are religious as narrow-minded or ignorant, and it is actually the opposite. If someone could prove scientifically, with fact, that we were the result of a cosmological accident, many would look further into the evidence. This is not the case, however, as discussed above. Mycology and others tend to relish in their beliefs that God does not exist for varying reasons, all which cannot be proven to support their theory.I enjoy a conversation with someone who has theistic views, or other views different from my Christian world view. It is not to judge them, but enjoy a good conversation and debate. However, what always falls short is that many in the non-religious community are not willing to listen to the other side. It makes me wonder how they would react if somehow the scientific community embraced the idea of creation as the Christian world embraces it. It is disturbing to hear the argument that atheism brings peace and comfort to someone. It saddens me to think that those who believe that we die and there is no afterlife are okay with that.Mycology appears to contribute all evil and all wrongdoings to God, which Christians and others in the religious community know is not true. He holds the ideology that if there was a true, loving god that no evil would exist. Call it the why me theory, meaning, why would something bad happen to me if there was a loving god? This happens far too often, and what Mycology and others do not realize is that they are severely over-analyzing the issue. While the complexity of our creation, existence, and God are beyond comprehension on many levels, they take it at face value.

Evolution of Fire Protection Codes

Introduction The development of fire protection codes can be traced back to Rome in 64 AD, where fireproof building materials were first used. This is the first fire protection code known to man. Currently, fire fighters employ sophisticated technologies which greatly enhance fire disaster management.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolution of Fire Protection Codes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of modern fire protection codes is as a result of response to catastrophic fires rather than in anticipation of such fires. Regardless of these developments, success in fire management seems elusive due to a number of factors. The greatest hindrance towards successful fire disaster management is noncompliance with existing fire protection codes. From the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 to the Station Nightclub Fire in 2003, investigations reports are consistent; business owners largel y ignore basic fire protection and building codes. Additionally, the investigators report that disaster response time has gradually been reduced due to the improvements made on the fire alarms system. Despite such developments reduction in response time, noncompliance with fire protection codes hinders effective managemt of fire disasters. Regardless of the fact that fire management has improved tremendously, new challenges continue to face fire disaster management. Such challenges include fire started by non traditional causes such terror attacks such the 9/11. This requires fire disaster managers to continuously evaluate the effectiveness of existing fire protection codes.. Fire disasters have led to some of the most horrific property damage and loss of human life. Recurrent fires disasters have led to gradual changes, amendment and improvements on fire protection codes. However, these gradual changes have not led to achievement of success in management of fire disasters. With reg ards to the findings in this research paper, the following hypothesis seems relevant: despite the gradual improvements made to fire protection codes, noncompliance and the challenge of dynamic nature of fire disasters continue to hinder the attainment of successful fire disaster management practices. From this hypothesis, questions arise on why successful fire disaster management is elusive. To answer these questions, it is imperative to evaluate the circumstances that have led to evolution of fire protection codes. Fire protection and building codes The management of fire disasters evolved from the use of rudimentary methods in ancient Europe to sophisticated methods employed in management of fire disasters today. The result of such gradual development is evolution of a complex life and property safety codes. Generally, life safety codes are developed to minimize or totally eliminate the loss of human life as well as damage to property in case of a major outbreak of fire.Advertisin g Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditional fire protection codes mainly addressed a wide range of issues concerned with management of fire disasters. Such issues range from the ability of materials used in construction to withstand and prevent spreading of fire, adequate means of exit as well as the use of fire protection tools such as smoke detectors and alarms. Additionally, the evolution of fire protection codes incorporates proper planning procedures as well as tenancy elements. These allow quick evacuation of people in case of fire emergencies. While the development of detection and prevention methods as well as quick response systems help to significantly minimize the effects of fire, disaster managers emphasize on absolute compliance with existing fire protection codes. In this regard, compliance with fire protection codes greatly rely on latest technological advancements co mbined with historic codes. This is aimed at improving disaster management practices. It is imperative to state that with time, NFPA has successful separated building codes from fire protection codes, both of which combine to ensure improved efficiency in management of fire disasters. While NFPA building codes aim at enhancing the building architecture to avert a major fire disaster, fire protection codes aim at enhancing early warning, response, fire detection and prevention, preventing fire from spreading and evacuation of victims (Alderson, Artim and Allen 1, 2). The origin of fire protection code and building regulation Even though there is little documented evidence on the origin of modern fire protection codes, NFPA codes trace their origin from 19th century Europe. Evidence indicate that the earliest known fire protection methods were used in 64 AD Rome after the great Roman fire, which gutted Rome and left a trail of devastating effects on both human life and property. As a result, Emperor Nero instructed the Roman architects to develop building regulations, mainly focused on the building materials. As a result, Roman buildings had to be built with fireproof materials. Thus, Rome was rebuild using fire proof building materials. This is first recorded case in the application of scientific principles in enhancing safety in buildings. The fact that there is no previous mention of building and fire protection codes implies that prior to 64 AD there was no effort to manage fire disasters professionally (Cote n.pagn). There are no records of any improvements on fire protection codes between 64 AD and the 17th century. This is largely attributed to the fall of the Roman Empire. It isn’t until the renaissance that any major improvement is done. Existing records show consistency with these assertions since it is only after the great London fire that improvements on fire prevention standards developed in 64 AD Rome is done.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolution of Fire Protection Codes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1666, the Great London Fire gutted London destroying more than 80 % of the City as well as resulting to massive loss of life. In response to the fire, architects in London adopted the standards developed in 64 AD Rome, with minor improvements made. Other than building the outer walls with fire resistance materials such as bricks and stones, house partitioning was also done with fireproof materials. This indicates that houses made in 17th century England had improved ability to withstand fire than those build in 64 AD Rome. Additionally, the Great London fire spurred the development of fire suppression techniques. As such, hand-pumper fire apparatus, the first fire prevention equipment to use water, was developed. Hand-pumper fire apparatus was a heavy hand drawn water carrier that sprayed water over a fire, thus extinguishing it. Th us, before the industrial revolution, the only recorded use of fire prevention codes involved the use of fire resistance building materials combined with the use of hand-pumper fire apparatus (Cote n.pagn). The advent of the industrial revolution in 18th century England marked tremendous developments in fire protection designs. This was necessitated by numerous industrial fires which gutted most of the new industries in London. To avert the loss of lives and property, records indicate that concrete, steel and hardened rock were the primary building materials. Other than strengthening buildings, engineers at the time combined these three materials and provided English engineers with suitable solution to prevent rampant industrial fires. Additionally, to enhance the effectiveness of fire protection codes in 18th century England, the first public fire department was formed, underground water mains were installed as well as ready to use fire hydrants. Moreover, between 18th century and early 19th century, fire protection codes mainly focused on specific buildings and the contents therein. This new approach seemed to have been necessitated by the existence of numerous industries, each having unique industrial processes as well as materials under storage. This approach however, gained prominence in the later stages of 19th century after the outbreak of numerous fires within London’s paper and textile industries. Due to poor storage of paper and lint debris and waste, disaster managers faced a new challenge not possible to manage using fire protection methods existing at the time. As such, engineers developed the first ever recorded fixed fire suppression system.Advertising Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This involved the use of manually operated water pipes. However, the hazard posed to fire fighters using manually operated water pipes gave rise to the idea of automatic water sprinklers. This is one of the most useful innovations in fire protection engineering ever developed (Cote n.pagn). The growth of fire protection codes As mentioned earlier, NFPA fire protection codes borrow heavily from those developed in ancient Europe, especially Rome and London. Additionally modern fire protection codes are not only developed in response to occurrence of major fires. Some of the most vital fire protection codes have been developed out of critical thinking. For instance, a meeting held in Boston in 1895 involving several parties affected by fire disasters led to the development of improved fire protection code. These authorities included insurance companies, municipal authorities, engineers, property owner and businessmen as well as property insurers. In this meeting, extensive discussions were held, the outcomes of which was the development of Americas fire protection codes. Most significantly, businessmen and property owners adopted automatic water sprinklers as a significant fire protection technique. The adoption of water sprinklers came as a result of increased pressure from property underwriters who felt that they were loosing a lot of money from fire disasters. As a result, underwriters realized that by involving engineers and business owner in active management of fire disasters, not only would the risks be evenly spread but also losses minimized. As such, underwriters required engineers, business owners as well as local authorities to take more responsibility in managing and prevention of fires by installing automatic water sprinklers. Within this period, the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA was formed and mandated with the responsibility of overseeing fire protection activities within the entire country. European influence in America fire preventio n methods was rekindled in 1904 when a London fire insurer, John Smith joined NFPA membership. Such a move is perceived as the first effort in building consensus on the use of science based fire protection codes (NFPA 1 to 3). There are notable improvements in fire protection codes for the period leading up to the 20th century. It is imperative to note that before the 20th century, fire protection codes focused on managing and suppressing fires, with little effort made to prevent the occurrence of major fires. This implies that, before the 20th century, the concept of fire prevention was largely perceived as any effort assisting fire fighters to prevent and suppress fires. However, the beginning of the 20th century marked a critical period in the evolution of fire protection codes in America. From this period onwards the concept of fire prevention assumed a different perspective. In March 25 1911, a fierce fire broke out in The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory located in New York. As a r esult of this fire, 146 garment workers lost their lives instantly and hundred others fatally injured. Additionally, property worth millions of dollars was destroyed. The damage resulting from The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire seems negligible compared to previous fires such as the great London fire and the great Roman fire. However, the rise of human rights activism especially concerning the plight of workers magnified the need to improve fire protection methods in factories. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire attracted the attention of not only the state and federal authorities but also human rights activists, scholars as well as labor unions. This contributed to the significance that this fire had towards the evolution of fire protection codes (NYCOSH 1). The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire exposed various failures of not only the fire protection codes but also building codes existing at the time. As mentioned earlier, prior to this catastrophic event, NFPA’s concept of fire prevention focused on fire suppression rather than fire prevention. Additionally, the condition at The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory reveals lack of precautionary and fire disaster management measures. It is assumed that the fire started as a result of a cigarette stump dumped in garbage heap containing two months accumulation of garment waste. While smoking was prohibited inside the factory, most of the workers were known to sneak in cigarettes and smoke during while working. This indicates noncompliance by both the workers and company owners. Moreover, the accumulation of two months worth of flammable garment waste portrays noncompliance and ignorance of fire hazards on the part of the company’s administration. As a result of The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the Fire Prevention Act of 1911 was drafted and enacted. The Act enabled the setting up of the factory investigation commission whose primary focus was improvement of fire protection techniques, routine safe ty inspection and the general improvement of factory conditions (NYCOSH 2). Even though previous fire protection codes required that buildings be fitted with automatic fire sprinklers, the Fire Prevention Act of 1911 made it mandatory for all factory buildings to be fitted with automatic sprinklers. Additionally, the Act made it mandatory for regular maintenance and inspection of fire protection mechanisms within factories and other public buildings. Investigators reports indicate that most of the 146 deaths from The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire occurred due to lack of an alarm system within the building. At the time of the fire, an office telephone was the only means of raising public alarm incase of a disaster. However, Fire Prevention Act of 1911 required that all factories be fitted with a working alarm system. With regards the existing building architecture at the time of the fire, the NFPA code for means of egress required that all buildings have safe and prompt escape rou tes for occupants in case of a major disaster, all clearly marked with exit signs readable in heavy smoke. However, despite the presence of adequate doors for worker to use as exits, company owners had made the exit inaccessible by locking all doors during working hours. Additionally, the stairways and safety exits were made of flammable materials. As a result, they crumbled under fire making exit impossible. However, as required by the Fire Prevention Act of 1911, NFPA building codes made it mandatory for all buildings to have exits made of fireproof materials. Additionally, not only should buildings have safe and adequate means of egress but also easily accessible as well as allow for prompt escape from the building (Gerber 2 to 4). After The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, fire disaster managemt was almost obscured by the two world wars. However, within this period, there were significant improvements on fire alarm systems. During this period of time, the fire alarm systems imp roved from a simple bell with a thermostat connected to water flow switches to sophisticated fire and smoke detectors. However, one of the most historic fires in the US history, the Coconut Groove Night Club Fire which occurred in 1942, casts doubts on efforts by business owners to comply with exiting fire protection codes. While the building had stairways and walls made of nonflammable materials, the Coconut Groove Night Club had not complied with exit requirements. After The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, NFPA required that engineers provide adequate and prompt emergency exit routes. However, the analysis of the conditions prior to Coconut Groove Night Club Fire indicate no adequate and prompt exist routes available. Investigators found only one revolving door as the only means of exit. Additionally, investigators found that few escapees used toilet windows and a concealed back door to escape. Moreover, the use of highly flammable decoration materials aided the quick spread of the fire. Even though the alarm system worked well and alerted the fire response team in due time, investigators report that more than 300 lives would have been saved if club owners had completely complied with existing safety codes, especially on the provision of adequate means of exit (Moulton 5 to 8). As a result of the Coconut Groove Night Club Fire, NFPA amended the its building codes that had been developed after the infamous Iroquois Theater fire of 1903 (which had banned the use of flammable decorations in public buildings). NFPA amendments required two separates means of egress, in form of swinging doors that swings with the crowd as opposed to against the crowd. NFPA also required revolving doors to be flanked by swinging doors as well as adequate rails to provide support and prevent people from falling over each other (Moulton 13 to 16). 30 years after the Coconut Groove Night Club Fire business owners had not fully complied with NFPA fire protection code and building sta ndards. In 1977, a wild fire burned Beverly Hills Super Club, and with it more than 160 patrons and workers. The construction of Beverly Hills Super Club took many years to complete. The club’s walls, stairways, roof and floors were made of noncombustible materials such as steel and concrete bricks. However, interior decoration was done using plywood, lumber, wood and drapery, all highly combustible materials. Additionally, investigators found water pipes as the only available form of fire protection at the time of the event. Engineers had not installed automatic sprinklers, alarm systems or standpipes. Despite having eight means of exit, many people died as a result of inadequate exit arrangements, overcrowding, use of flammable building materials, lack of fire sprinklers and alarms, as well as delayed discovery and response of the fire outbreak. As a result of such failures, NFPA 1981 amendments categorized night clubs as places of assembly occupancy. In addition, NFPA amen dment required place of assembly occupancy holding 300 people installed with automatic sprinklers as well as voice message enabled alarm systems. Such an alarm would be connected to the local fire station and thus reduce response time (Duval 8 to 16). Yet, despite NFPA’s requirements, later fires expose ignorance of NFPA building and fire protection codes. In 2003, the Station Nightclub Fire exposed widespread ignorance of NFPA building and fire protection codes. Investigators found that engineers had used combustible materials in the construction of the Station Nightclub, including interior decorations. Additionally, egress arrangements largely violated NFPA building codes. Despite having illuminated exit signs only few outward swinging exit doors were available. Moreover, an obstructing rail corridor ran against the main exit making quick escape impossible. With regards to fire protection, investigators found portable fire extinguishers instead of automatic water sprinklers . The club also had been installed with working alarm systems as well as heat and smoke detectors, yet not connected to local fire stations. As a result of the Station Nightclub Fire, NFPA code 255 required building materials to be tested for fire propagation abilities. As such, Class A materials, which have no ability to propagate fires, were highly recommended for use in assembly occupancy buildings which hold more than 300 people. Additionally, NFPA 255 code banned the use of pyrotechnics in places of assembly occupancy as well as construction of obstruction free exits. This is in addition to the expansion of the main exit point to accommodate at least two-thirds of the total occupancy load. Places for assembly occupancy were also required to have trained crowd control managers at the ratio of 1:250, to aid quick exit during emergencies. Since all previous cases involve violations of NFPA building and fire protection codes, NFPA 2008 amendment made it a felony for business owners to violate these codes. Additionally, the amendment empowered access to buildings for fire safety inspectors at anytime (Duval 24 to 32). The Coconut Groove Night Club Fire spurred extensive investigations, the result of which is the evolution of performance based fire protection designs. This approach was motivated by peculiar findings at the scene of The Coconut Groove Night Club Fire, in which most of the fire burned the roofs and upper parts of the walls, while leaving much of the floor and fallen chairs totally undamaged. Investigators found very high air temperatures inside The Coconut Groove Night Club due to overcrowding. Additionally, the combination of flammable alcohol fumes hovering over the crowd fueled the fire. These findings by NFPA investigators corroborate assertions by doctors who responded to the emergency that many people succumbed to inhaling hot toxic air and related respiratory problems (Beller and Sapochetti 86 to 92). As result, NFPA required that public b uildings have proper ventilation as well as standby respiratory protective equipment (Commission for Occupational Safety and Health 13). Personal protective equipment and their effects By 1930s, records indicate the impossibility of fighting fires from inside a burning building due to lack of personal protective equipment, PPE. However, as Hasenmeier (n.pag) explains the earliest known PPE was a leather helmet used by fire fighters in the 1830s. However, this type of clothing did not insulate fire fighters from extreme heat conditions, and thus less effective. Events at The Coconut Groove Night Club Fire highlighted the need for improved protective fire fighting equipment, especially to protect fire fighters from heat stress and intoxication. This assertion corroborates FEMA‘s findings on cases such as 1990 Sedgwick County fire, the 1999 Santa Barbara fire, California wild forest Fire in 1990 and 1997 La Cima Fire, which indicates that almost half of fire fighters fatalities a re as a result of heat stress, intoxication and exertion, emanating from bearing much weight from PPEs especially clothing, during fire fighting events (FEMA 6 to 10, 26 to 28). As a result of these fires, fire protection codes have been amended to incorporate the use of appropriate PPE to protect fire fighters. Fire protection codes require fire fighters to be equipped with adequate PPEs such as helmets, boots, overalls, gloves, inhalers, face masks among others. NFPA requires that these equipments be made from fire and heat resistant materials. The main purpose is to allow fire fighters to enter burning buildings and extinguish fire from inside. However, as evidenced from 1990 Sedgwick County and other fires, fire and heat resistant clothing has negative effects on fire fighters. Fire fighters are not able to loose heat through the natural heat loss mechanism. In strong heat conditions, much heat is trapped inside the cloths and not lost to the surrounding atmosphere. Thus, the fi re fighters easily succumb to heat stress. Therefore, NFPA’s â€Å"Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting† requires all fire fighter to use PPE’s that meets all thermal regulations as well as minimum weight requirements. However, in non-fire events, such clothing seems unable to facilitate normal body heat loss since the cloths are made of non-breathable moisture and heavy thermal materials, which increases body temperatures to dangerous levels. Thus, NFPA 2000 and 2007 amendments require limited exposure to extreme heat conditions combined with regular interval rotation of fire fighters during fire fighting events. Additionally, NFPA 2000 and 2007 amendments demand the manufacture of PPEs with material that has high total heat loss value to minimize the chances of heat stress (FEMA 30). Conclusion The elusive success in management of fire disasters should however, not take anything away from improvements made t o fire protection codes. Valuable improvements have been made to traditional fire protection methods resulting to sophisticated fire protection codes. However, success in the management of fire seems elusive due to the combination of noncompliance and the challenge of complexity and dynamic nature of fires disasters. The evolution of fire protection codes and the use of latest technologies significantly improve combating major fires. However, fire disaster managers continue to face the new challenges that cannot be addressed through already existing codes. Such challenges include the threat of terrorism and fires that might start as a result of such causes as terror attacks. Additionally, each fire occurs under unique conditions and thus needs unique solutions to combat. This makes the development of new fire protection codes before a fire breaks out a near impossibility. Therefore, the management of fire disasters is a continuous process with no concrete solutions. Works Cited Alde rson Caroline, Nick Artim and Rick Allen. Fire Safety Retrofitting. n.d. Web. Beller, Doug and Jennifer Sapochetti. â€Å"Searching For Answers To The Cocoanut Grove Fire Of 1942†. NFPA Journal (2000): 86 – 92. Web. Commission for Occupational Safety and Health. Codes of Practice First Aid Facilities and Services Workplace Amenities and Facilities Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment. 2002. Web. Cote, Arthur. History of Fire Protection Engineering. Fire Engineering. 2011. Web. Duval, Robert. NFPA case studies: nightclub fires. NFPA. 2006. Web. FEMA. U.S. Fire Administration. Emergency Incident Rehabilitation. 2008. Web. Gerber, James. Fire Prevention in the Wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911: the Role of Fire Chief Edward Croker. n.d. Web. Hasenmeier, Paul. The History of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment. Fire Engineering. 2008. Web. Moulton, Robert. â€Å"Cocoanut Grove Night Club Fire Boston, MA November 28, 1942† NFPA Journal. (2000): 5-16. Web. NFPA. History of NFPA Codes and standards-making systems. n.d. Web. NYCOSH. Don’t mourn –organize: Lessons from the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. 2011. Web. This research paper on Evolution of Fire Protection Codes was written and submitted by user Sarah Watson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

6 Disappeared LinkedIn® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part III Box.net

6 Disappeared LinkedIn ® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them – Part III Box.net For a long time, I have been recommending to job seekers and other professionals that they use Box.net to post a copy of their resume (with street address and any other confidential information removed) to their LinkedIn profile. I have also offered Box.net as an option for attaching scanned recommendation letters when your recommender is not a LinkedIn member or just doesn’t come through with a LinkedIn recommendation. Box.net was a useful way to attach any documents you might want your LinkedIn visitors to view. Although the partner application for Box.net no longer exists, the website Box.net does- and my advice has not changed. If you want to post a document to your LinkedIn profile, the current way to do so is through entering a link to the document. In your Summary and Experience sections, you can add links to videos, images, documents or presentations by clicking on the blue box with a + sign in the corner. Once you click on that box you will be brought to a box where you can paste a link: If you don’t have a website where you can conveniently create pages with the documents you want to link to, just create a Box.net account! Box.net will give you a link you can use. Upload your document to Box.net, click on Share; you will receive a link to share the document. Here are the instructions sent out by Box.net regarding the change: Recently, LinkedIn announced its new profile design that replaces the current inApps platform with a new method for viewing content like documents, presentations and videos. You likely received a message from LinkedIn as well, but we wanted to be sure that as a user of the former Box inApp you know the best way to display and share a Box file on your new profile. After opting in to the new profile type, you’ll be able to easily add a specific Box file. To get started, copy and paste the file’s direct link in the LinkedIn professional gallery on the page. Find the direct link by previewing the file as you normally would in Box, selecting File Options Share Get Link to File and then clicking on Direct Link to generate the URL. Paste it directly in the LinkedIn professional gallery. Repeat the same steps for other files you’d like to add to your profile. Note that the LinkedIn professional gallery supports a limited set of file types, so check the Box support site if you experience any issues adding a file to your profile. We hope you enjoy the new way to share your important files from Box on LinkedIn. Here’s what my profile looks like with the resume linked from Box.net: What documents do you want to share with your LinkedIn audience? You can build your image through adding links using Box.net. Have fun! For more LinkedIn tips and tricks, go to the #1 best-selling e-book How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile! Next week: What to do about TripIt and SlideShare? Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinFebruary 11, 2013

Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law and Ethics - Essay Example It is pertinent to note here that teachers are employed under a written contract and onus comes on board to prove that teacher has misbehaved or violated any condition of employment. The Fair Dismissal Act enlists eight causes under which dismissal of the teacher can be acted upon and the board must ensure that charges framed against the teacher fit into one of the eight grounds outlined in the act for a successful termination. The superintendent must forward a written notice to the teacher about their intention of dismissal along with a copy of the said Act. The employee must be provided with all information pertaining to their rights to assure him or her that proper procedure is being followed upon. The superintendent will also attach copies of OCGA 20-2-940 through 20-2-947, and 20-2-211(b) along with the notice. The teacher has full right to ask for the reasons of dismissal and the superintendent is obligated to reply within 14 days of this request. If the superintendent fails to reply within stipulated time period, the teacher’s contract will get renewed automatically. The superintendent needs to ensure that Professional Development Plan is in place. A detailed documentation process against the teacher is a must before taking any concrete action. The principal will need to present all papers that include a complaint from the teachers departmental chair exposing teachers behavior. The principal will also need to present those papers from the teachers file that reveals that required attempts have been made to correct the teachers behavior. The principal will establish that the teacher has been placed on a Professional Development Plan before asking for his or her dismissal. It becomes imperative on part of the principal that all necessary papers and documentation are provided to the board beforehand otherwise termination request cannot go through. 5. What is the difference between an â€Å"at will† employee